Glutathione is a potent antioxidant and is known for its success in inhibiting melanin production in the skin. It also has the ability to reverse UV-induced pigmentation as well the benefit of being anti-aging and detoxifying.

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) is an antioxidant and a known skin brightener. It has the ability to enhance collagen synthesis, aids soft tissue healing and recycle oxidized glutathione. Its antioxidant activity has positive impact on hyperpigmentation.

L-Cysteine has traditionally been used as a mucolytic. It is the most potent glutathione precursor and drives endogenous glutathione synthesis amplifying the effects of glutathione in the formulation.

Nicotinamide prevents melanin transportation from dermis to epidermis. Grape seed extract inhibits the synthesis of melanin in melanocytes (the cells responsible for producing melanin) and also inhibits the proliferation/maturation of melanocytes.

Pine bark extract assists in  reducing the effects of UV radiation on the skin, both while you're exposed to the sun and after damage has occurred. It may also have other skin benefits, including:

Anti-aging: Pine bark extract can improve skin hydration and elasticity.

Retains moisture: Pine bark extract can help promote hyaluronic acid production, which can help retain moisture in the skin.